First, early application of base fertilizer    The basic principles of Shiji fertilizer: deep application, concentrated application, rotation application, decomposing application, water distribution, and large amount of application.

        The base fertilizer advocates early (autumn) application, which is suitable before the arrival of the autumn root climax. Those without irrigation conditions can apply to the late rainy season. The best period is after the fruit picking until the end of November , the effect is significantly higher than the Spring application. The advantages of early application are: 1 high temperature decomposition of soil temperature ; 2 autumn root growth period absorption; 3 autumn high gas to promote photosynthesis; 4 tip leaves stop long-term reserve; 5 fertilizer foot tree strong profit winter; 6 more autumn roots come to spring. Reference factors for fertilization amount: 1 tree species, variety and age; 2 soil and soil fertility; 3 active ingredients and content of fertilizer; 4 field and local fertilizer test. 5 The amount of experience in high-yield quality gardens. According to the experience of fertilization in various places, the amount of base fertilizer is increased by about 15kg per man per plant according to the age of the tree . For example, according to the output, the yield per mu is less than 1500kg , 1kg fruit is 1kg organic fertilizer; 1500kg or more, 1kg fruit is 1.5-2.0kg organic fertilizer. Important basal fertilizer: earlier (deciduous one month or more), for a plurality (more than 70% of the annual quantity fertilizer), to the whole (organic, inorganic, large, micro-phase combination), deeper (Root layer concentrated ), to concentrate (the main distribution area of ​​the root group), to be watered (to facilitate dissolution and absorption), mainly based on organic fertilizer, appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizer in chemical fertilizer, or directly with special fertilizer for fruit trees.

       

        Method of Fertilizer: saplings should adopt the "cyclic Summer Law", combined expansion disk, 40-60cm groove width, groove depth of 60-70cm, gradually expand outwardly; mature trees using the "radial gap" or "strip furrow method ", the groove width is 40-50cm , and the groove depth is 40-50cm . Mature trees can also be a "whole park applicator Law", after the fertilizer applicator should also be buried in the soil 20 - 30cm. The grass orchard is spread in the ploughing zone. Fertilization method above should be applied in alternate years rotation.

     

        Second, skillfully applying top dressing   The principle of topdressing of fruit trees should be quasi-live, lively and skillful. In time, it is necessary to use quick-acting fertilizers, and advocate the application of compound fertilizers, special fertilizers and micro-fertilizers, especially to promote the application of highly targeted formula fertilizers.

      

        1 due to tree topdressing. Wang Changshu should avoid the new shoots and prolong the long-term, and advocate "tip stop" (such as apple spring shoots and autumn shoots to stop long-term) topdressing, which is beneficial to ease and prolong, fertilizer should pay attention to phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Debilitating trees should be followed by quick-acting fertilizers before the prolonged period, mainly nitrogen , which is conducive to growth. As a result, Zhuangshu should focus on high yield and quality, and maintain a strong tree. Nitrogen fertilizer dominated by nitrate nitrogen before germination is beneficial to germination and flowering. During the fruit expansion period, the topdressing of the fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium, and the ammonium nitrogen is added to accelerate the growth of the fruit and promote the increase of sugar and color. After harvesting, the fertilizer is watered in time to restore the tree body and increase the reserve.

      

        2 topdressing methods. Nitrogen fertilizers are easy to dissolve and have high mobility, and should be applied slightly. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have poor mobility, ammonium bicarbonate is easy to volatilize, and rotten manure has a bad smell. Generally, it should be better to dig trenches.

      

         3 topdressing dosage and formula fertilization. In the growth process before the tree fruiting period, each plant generally increases about 0.1 kg of pure nitrogen per year . The content of N , P2O5 and K2O in the fertilizer is preferably equal. Laboratory analysis should be conditional on the garden soil, combined with leaf analysis and yield and quality status of the tree to determine the fertilizer formula. As for the supplement of micro-fertilizer, based on field analysis, one is to apply more organic fertilizer, the other is to mix micro-fertilizer with organic fertilizer, the third is to use fertilizer for fruit trees with micro-fertilizer, and the fourth is to use foliar spray fertilizer. The trunk is injected and supplemented, and the sixth is to improve the soil micro-environment.

     

        Two fertilizer generally is appropriate, first, before bud dressing (the soil thawed); the second is the fruit enlargement stage dressing (early-maturing varieties in late June, in mid-July to late-maturing varieties, late-maturing varieties late August). Top dressing before germination can promote the germination and flowering of fruit trees, increase the fruit setting rate and promote new growth. The fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus-based, DAP should use, using fertilizing mature trees Mushi 40 kg, 20 kg Mushi saplings; top dressing of fruit enlargement to increase the yield and fruit sugar, promoting coloration To improve hardness, it is essential for a top dressing. The top dressing is based on the application of potassium fertilizer at the acupoints. The mature trees are 70 kg of potassium sulfate and 5 kg of diammonium phosphate .

      

       Third, auxiliary foliar spray fertilizer

      

        Foliar spray fertilizer should be combined with soil fertilization as a supplementary measure for rapid replenishment of nutrients. The advantages are: 1 distribution equilibrium, less affected by the growth center. 2 fast, low dosage and high efficiency. 3 It is not affected by leaching and fixing of soil, and has good effectiveness. It is especially effective when it is supplemented with phosphorus and trace elements. 4 improve leaf function, extend leaf life and increase nutrient storage.          The key implementation period of foliar spray fertilizer: 1 in the first half of the growing season, mainly nitrogen spray, the concentration should be low, such as urea is 0.3-0.5% ; in the second half of the growing season, phosphorus and potassium are the main, the concentration can be biased. high, such as potassium hydrogen diphosphate spray of 0.5% up to 0.5-0.7% urea case ejection. 2 flowering period is mainly based on nitrogen and boron ( 0.2-0.3% ) photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, and the deficiency is often added. 3 Grasp the "two fronts" (before the leaves and before the germination), high concentration ( 1% of urea before defoliation , up to 3% of sprayed buds before germination ), and the key spray is effective. 4 Choose no wind before 10 am or after 5 pm to increase the amount of fertilizer.