Deng Wei
(Shaoxing College of Arts and Sciences, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000)

Abstract: For the Shaoxing area, the textile industry is the pillar industry of Shaoxing. As the downstream industry of the textile industry, the printing and dyeing industry has become an important part of Shaoxing's economy, but the destructive impact of industrial wastewater on the environment has become more and more serious. The article conducted some experiments on the decolorization and degradation of dye wastewater in the textile industry.
Key words: disperse dye; biodegradation; surfactant CLC number:X79 Document code:AArticle ID:1007-8320(2011)03-0209-01
1. Introduction For the Shaoxing area, the textile industry is the pillar industry of Shaoxing. As the downstream industry of the textile industry, the printing and dyeing industry has become an important part of the Shaoxing economy, especially in the east and west wings of the urban area, namely the town of In the area of ​​Fuquan Town, the density of printing and dyeing plants is very high, and the discharge of printing and dyeing sewage is very large. Printing and dyeing wastewater discharge from printing and dyeing plants was once the main cause of water pollution in the vicinity of Shaoxing City. It has caused many water industry disputes. In the printing and dyeing production, a large number of dyes, auxiliaries, mordants, fixing agents and resin finishing agents are used. Many of these dyes have a utilization rate (coloring rate) of less than 90%, and the part of the dye that cannot be used is bound to be indispensable. It can only be discharged into wastewater, so that the wastewater discharged from the printing and dyeing plant contains a large amount of dye.
Disperse dyes are a class of synthetic dyes, which are characterized by extremely low water solubility, are hydrophobic dyes, and have a special dyeing process. They are dyed in a dispersed state at the beginning of the dyeing process, and the fineness of the particles is generally about 1 μm. The presence of the dispersant is very evenly dispersed in the water. The dyeing carrier for disperse dyes is mainly triazine and o-phenylphenol, and the coloring ratio is 90%. According to the structure, it can be divided into azo and anthraquinone. These two types of dyes are widely used in the textile, printing and dyeing and paper industries. At present, the annual output of dyes in the world is about 800-900×103t, and China's annual output has reached 150×103t, ranking the world's forefront. In the dyeing process of disperse dyes, about 10% to 15% of the dyes are directly discharged into the environment along with the wastewater. Dye wastewater originates from the dye industry and printing and dyeing industry. These dye wastewaters have complex composition, high COD value, high chroma, high displacement, low biodegradability, and some dyes have a "triad" effect, such as p-dimethylamine. The azo dye has strong mutagenicity. The decolorization and degradation of dye wastewater has become a worldwide problem and hot spot, and dye wastewater has become one of the most difficult industrial wastewaters.
2. Experimental materials and methods (1) Experimental materials. The strain was obtained: the strain obtained and stored after the isolation was subjected to spore activation treatment, and the strain was continuously domesticated, and the strain was rounded, and the colony was milky and translucent. Under the microscope, the cells of the bacterium were spherical and had a nucleus. According to morphological identification, it was initially determined to be a yeast-like microorganism.
(2) Types of dyes and surfactants. Disperse red S-3GFL is a yellowish red with high sublimation fastness. It is suitable for dyeing for various purposes. It can be used alone or for color matching. It is one of the three primary colors of high temperature type. Disperse Red 3B: Disperse Red 3B is an anthraquinone dye.
3. Experimental methods 3.1 Biodegradation (1) Composition of the medium. The composition and concentration of the medium used in this experiment are shown in Table 1. Disperse red S-3GFL and disperse red 3B are formulated into 1000 ppm alcohol storage solution with alcohol, and other inorganic salts are distributed to make a target concentration twice, and then the disperse dye and inorganic salt solution are formulated to a target concentration according to a certain ratio. 3% agar was added to the solid phase in the strain spore activation stage.
(2) Degradation conditions. A certain concentration of liquid medium was prepared, and 100 ml of the culture solution was added to a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask to ensure that the solution did not splash out and had sufficient oxygen during shaking culture. Adjust the different pH values, pick a certain amount of bacteria into the medium after high temperature sterilization, shake culture at 28 ° C, determine the OD value after degradation, calculate the concentration and degradation efficiency through the standard curve. Add different surfactants and change the amount of addition, biodegrade, draw a degradation curve, and observe the change of degradation rate.
(3) Drawing of the standard curve. The optical absorption properties of the dispersed red S-3GFL and the dispersed red 3B were scanned. The maximum absorption wavelength of the dispersed red S-3GFL was 474 nm, and the maximum absorption wavelength of the dispersed red 3B was 520 nm. The concentration of 2 to 120 ppm was measured at the maximum absorption wavelength. The OD value of the dye was plotted as a C-Am standard curve for dispersing magenta S-3GFL and disperse red 3B, respectively.
(4) Drawing of the degradation curve. Take about 5ml of the biodegradation experiment to determine the OD value. Since the metabolites and the cells themselves will affect the OD value during the degradation process of the strain, the culture solution is centrifuged at 2500r/min for 10min before the measurement. To remove flocculating metabolites and cells. The measured OD value was calculated from the standard curve to obtain the corresponding disperse dye concentration, and a plot of the concentration as a function of time was plotted. And can calculate the degradation efficiency.
4. Experimental results and analysis of the effect of PH on the degradation and dispersion of red S-3GFL, the disperse red S-3GFL was formulated into a liquid medium of 100r/min, and 100ml was placed in a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask. The value is 4.38. The pH values ​​of each liquid medium were adjusted to pH=3.53, 4.45, 5.57, 6.53, 7.53, and the biodegradation experiment was carried out with pH=4.38 as the control group, and the OD values ​​of different degradation time periods were measured.
It can be seen from the experiment that the pH value has a great influence on the degradation and dispersion of the red S-3GFL. The strain had a very slow degradation rate at pH = 3.53 and pH = 7.53, and 35% and 52% remained undegraded on day 10. The strain had higher degradation efficiency for disperse red S-3GFL under the condition of pH=5.57. Compared with the control, the degradation efficiency increased from 23.05% to 41.37% on the third day.
The degradation data under the condition of pH=5.57 and the control group were compared by the pairwise comparison method. The t value reached 5.367, the p value was 0.000672, t0.01=3.355, and t was greater than t0.01. The difference was extremely significant. Level level. Therefore, the optimum pH for degrading and dispersing the red S-3GFL is about 5.57. The effects of peracid, neutral and alkaline environments on the degradation and dispersion of the red S-3GFL were not favorable.
Effect of pH on the degradation of red 3B by strain: 100ppm disperse red 3B was prepared, 100ml was placed in a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask, the original pH value was 4.91, the pH=4.91 was used as the control group, and the rest of the culture solution was The pH values ​​were adjusted to pH=3.55, 4.57, 5.55, 6.55, and 7.55, respectively, for biodegradation experiments.
It can be seen from the experiment that the strain has the fastest degradation rate under the condition of pH=6.55. At less than 6.55, the degradation efficiency increases with increasing pH. However, when it exceeds 6.55, the rate is reduced. Each group of pH data and the control group data were subjected to a t-test by a pairwise comparison method, and the results reached extremely significant levels. Therefore, the optimum pH for degrading and dispersing red 3B is about 6.55.
references
[1] Shanghai Textile Industry Bureau. Handbook of Disperse Dyes [M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 1997, (5).
[2] Yan Wenbin. Surfactant and Analytical Chemistry [M]. Beijing: China Metrology Press, 1986, (9).

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