After the autumn tea picking is basically finished, how to do a good job in the scientific management of the tea garden in time, which is related to the restoration and growth of the tea tree canopy, is also related to the yield and quality of tea next year. Therefore, we must do the following work in time:
First, do a good job in the deep improvement of the tea garden soil.
1. Carry out deep tillage and weeding. After the end of the autumn tea production in the tea garden, the whole garden should be deep-turned to a depth of more than 25 cm to reach loose soil, promote soil microbial activities, weather the subsoil, and improve the soil's ability to absorb water and absorb water. At the same time, when deep turning, the weeds in the garden and surrounding areas are pressed into the soil layer, and the weeds on the tea garden ladder wall are cut by artificial or lawn mower, and then buried in the inter-row soil layer to make fertilizer.
2. Combine deep application of organic fertilizer. Deep tillage has a good effect of ripening the subsoil, improving the soil, thickening the tillage layer, and reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases in the leap year. After deep tillage, organic fertilizer and green manure should be applied as base fertilizers. There are two functions: one is to play a major role in restoring tree potential, preventing soil “aging” and improving soil structure. The second is to play a decisive role in the early development and high quality of spring tea in the following year. The amount of base fertilizer applied generally accounts for 30% of the annual fertilization amount. The young tea garden applies 1000-1500 kg of farmyard manure per mu, or 50 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, and 20 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer respectively; the adult tea garden applies 2000-2500 kg of farmyard manure or 100 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are 30 kg each. When fertilizing, the canopy should be placed 20-30 cm straight in the tea plantation line, and then cover the soil.
3. Do a good job in the soil garden. Tea gardens refer to the picking of some exotic clean soil such as red loam, yellow loam, soil, rice fields and other soils around the tea plantation or other slopes to the tea plantation and to the base of the tea tree, with a thickness of about 10 cm. It is generally required that the sticky soil tea garden enters the sandy red loam soil, and the sandy soil tea garden enters the sticky soil; the low-yield tea garden and the aging tea garden should enter the red and yellow soil. The guest soil can thicken the tillage layer, improve the soil vitality, prevent the soil from “aging”, promote the early germination of spring tea, and improve the quality of fresh leaves.
Second, do a good job of tea tree rational pruning for adult tea garden should be light trimming and clearing the feet, cutting and trimming; for young tea trees should be based on cultivation, cultivate the crown; for old tea trees should be re-trimmed To restore crown growth and increase yield and quality.
1. Light pruning: refers to the annual pruning of the tea plantation that has been put into production, with the aim of controlling the tree height and cultivating the canopy picking surface. Generally cut off the crown surface of 3-5 cm, so that the height of the tea tree is controlled at about 50 cm.
2, clear pockets and bright feet: This trimming method can promote the ventilation and ventilation of the middle and lower parts of the canopy, reducing the occurrence and damage of pests and diseases. The trimming is beneficial to the ventilation and light transmission of the tea garden and the work in the field, and can promote the growth of tea trees and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
3. Edge trimming: Edge trimming is the pruning of tea gardens that have been sealed to form an air duct without inter-row ventilation. The cross-row branches are cut off to maintain a neat air passage of 20-30 cm between tea garden rows.
4. Heavy pruning: refers to the pruning of tea gardens with weak tree buds, sparse buds, low yield, and poor quality. Generally, more than one-third of the height of the canopy should be cut. After cutting, organic fertilizer should be applied and applied. The right amount of inorganic fertilizer.
Third, do a good job in the removal of pests and diseases Currently, the end of the tea season, with the gradual decline in temperature, pests and diseases began to enter the winter stage, in order to prevent the occurrence and harm of spring tea pests next year, the following two things should be done.
1. Do a good job in clearing the garden. One is to remove the weak branches and diseased leaves on the canopy, and the other is to remove the litter between the rows and the surrounding areas, and then burn them intensively to eliminate the overwintering bacteria and insect sources.
2. Spray stone sulphur mixture to completely seal the garden. The stone sulphur mixture is alkaline, has the functions of killing insecticides and killing bacteria, can corrode the wax layer of insect epidermis, and has good control effect on mites, eggs and some pests, and is a good winter prevention and control measure. Pay attention to the following when using:
First, when using the stone sulphur mixture, the whole garden should be sprayed and sprayed, including the ladder wall and surrounding vacancies, and the ecological tree in the garden.
Second, the temperature is not more than 15 ° C, the use of concentration control is 0.3--0.5 Baume is appropriate, because the temperature and use concentration is too high, often cause tea tree phytotoxicity, resulting in a large number of leaves.
The third is stone sulfur mixture: alkaline can not be mixed with general pesticides (especially weakly acidic pesticides) and Bordeaux mixture, advocated to use alone, generally used from late November to late December. After spraying, the tools should be cleaned in time to prevent corrosion of the implements.
Fourth, do a good job in the follow-up management and protection of ecological tea gardens. First, it is necessary to strengthen the management and protection of ecological trees. For example, when applying tea base fertilizer and sulphur sulphur mixture, combine the fertilization and spraying of ecological trees, and the branches with branches of trees below 2 meters should be trimmed. The second is to plant the green fertilizer in the tea garden in time. The third is to strengthen the cutting and protection of the green grass in the tea garden, and keep the ladder wall covered with green grass for a long time. Fourth, it is necessary to do a good job in the maintenance, cleaning and management of the tea garden water conservancy facilities and roads to ensure that the spring tea rain season can be discharged and road traffic safety.