Selection and application of pesticides for pollution-free vegetable production

In addition to high-efficiency and quick-acting requirements for pesticide-free vegetables, the most important thing is to be safe, low-toxic, and low-residue. The chemicals can be quickly dissolved in nature, do not pollute the environment, and cause less damage to natural enemies and pollinators. Produce phytotoxicity.
Pesticides suitable for the production of pollution-free vegetables Biological pesticides: Biological pesticides have special effects on pests and are highly safe pesticides. They are characterized by high efficiency, low toxicity, no residue and slow resistance. Such as bacterial insecticides BT, avermectin, ginseng plant insecticides, fungal insecticides (B. albicans), insect virus insecticides and insect pheromones (sex attractants, etc.). Plant-derived pesticides: Plant extracts (azadirachtin, chuanxiong, etc.) that have specific effects on pests such as refusal to eat, repel, hinder development, and interfere with reproduction. Insect growth regulator: can prevent the pests from peeling, interfere with development and play a controlling role, harmless to humans and higher animals, has little impact on natural enemies, and is environmentally safe, such as Taibao, diflubenzuron, and chlorpyrifos. New antibiotic preparations: such as spinosad-resistant vegetable pests are highly efficient and quick-acting, but they are very safe for humans and higher animals, and have a short safety interval, which is very suitable for use in vegetable fields. Efficient and selective agents: Anti-Polycarbamides such as carbamates are only highly effective against aphids and harmless to other organisms.
Application of pesticides in the production of pollution-free vegetables The right medicine: Based on the full understanding of the nature and method of use of pesticides, select the appropriate pesticide type or dosage form according to the type of pests and diseases. Appropriate use of drugs: According to the law of occurrence of pests and diseases, strictly control the best prevention and treatment period, and make timely use of drugs. It is necessary to prevent and control the disease at the early stage of the disease, control its disease center, prevent its spread and development, and it is difficult to prevent and control once the disease occurs and spreads a lot; for insect pests, it is required to “treat early, cure small, cure”. Scientific use of drugs: It is necessary to pay attention to the alternating rotation of pesticides using different mechanisms of action, which cannot be singularized for a long time to prevent the resistance of pathogenic bacteria or pests. In the early stage of vegetable growth, high-efficiency and low-toxic chemical pesticides and biological pesticides were mixed or alternately used, and bio-pesticides were mainly used in the late growth stage. The use of pesticides should promote low-volume spray methods. Select the correct spraying point or part: According to the characteristics of different pests and diseases in different periods, the different parts of the plant should be determined, and the targeted application should be carried out to achieve the purpose of timely controlling the occurrence of pests and diseases, reducing the number of pathogens and reducing the number of insects, thus reducing the use of drugs. For example, the occurrence of downy mildew is initiated by the lower leaves. The early prevention of downy mildew is focused on the lower leaves, which can alleviate the upper leaves. Reasonable compounding agent: adopting a mixed drug method to achieve the purpose of applying a single drug to control a variety of pests and diseases. However, the pesticide compounding is premised on maintaining the original active ingredient or synergistic effect without increasing the toxicity to humans and animals, and having good physical properties. Generally, neutral pesticides can be mixed; neutral pesticides and acidic pesticides can be mixed; acidic pesticides can be mixed; alkaline pesticides cannot be mixed with other pesticides; microbial pesticides cannot be combined with fungicides and systemic pesticides. Mixed. The safety interval of pesticides should be strictly implemented according to the time limit: the safety interval of pyrethroid pesticides is 5-7 days, the organophosphorus pesticides are 7~14 days, the fungicides are chlorothalonil, daisen zinc and carbendazim for more than 14 days. 7~10 days. The pesticide compounding agent performs a safe interval in which the most residual active ingredient is present.
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