Lifesaving rescue equipment is an indispensable technical means for firefighters and rescue teams to rescue trapped people at various disasters and accident sites. The development trend of lifesaving rescue equipment is diversification, functionalization and specialization. There are general life-saving equipment, search equipment, on-site rescue equipment and water rescue equipment.

Conventional life-saving equipment

The conventional lifesaving equipment mainly includes: lifeline , lifesaving ladder, rescue air cushion, rescue lifting air cushion , lifesaving tossing device, rescue tripod, lifesaving lighting line and guide rope. This article first introduces the first five.

One, lifeline

Lifeline is the rope used by firefighters to save people and save themselves during firefighting, rescue and disaster relief, or for daily training. The lifeline uses a jacketed rope structure with an outer covering.

1 . The main technical performance requirements

Fiber material: Should be fibrils and long fibers.

Rope diameter: 12.5mm to 16.0mm .

Minimum breaking strength: ≥ 40000N .

Elongation: When the load-bearing reaches 10% of the minimum breaking strength , it should be ≥ 1% and ≤ 10% .

High-temperature performance: Under the environmental condition of 204 °C ± 5 °C for 5 min , melting and coking should not occur.

2 . Safety inspection and retirement guidelines

Before and after use, check whether there is any obvious damage to the outer layer of the entire rope, high temperature burns, and whether there is chemical corrosion. If the above problems occur, or the lifeline has been severely dropped, the lifeline should be immediately scrapped. The lifeline should be scrapped immediately after it reaches the age of service.

Second, the traction rope

The traction rope ( commonly known as the small throwing rope ) is a tool rope that the firefighters personally carry.

It is mainly used for transporting fire-fighting rescue equipment or as a standard rope during fire reconnaissance. When the rope is wrapped with a rope core wrapped with protective layer sandwich rope structure, it can also be used as firefighters to save the rope. The traction rope is made of synthetic fiber, with a diameter of 6mm to 8mm and a length of 15m to 20m .

1 . maintenance

Should be rolled after use. After being exposed to water, dry it in a ventilated place.

2 . Precautions

( 1 ) If the rope is a three or more stranded rope structure, personnel should not be carried. When it is necessary to use it in emergencies, ropes, corner protectors or clothing should be used to prevent the ropes from coming into direct contact with building elements such as corners, window frames, and building exteriors.

( 2 ) Can not bear the impact load of overload, otherwise it will break stocks and even break the rope.

( 3 ) Usually should be stored in a dry and ventilated place to prevent mildew.

( 4 ) Brush after use. After wet water should be promptly placed in a dry and ventilated place to dry or dry, avoid prolonged exposure.

( 5 ) Contact with sharp objects should be avoided. If acid or alkali is contaminated, rinse immediately and dry.

( 6 ) Check the groundwork. If any obvious wear or abrasion of the rope is found, stop using it immediately.

Third, fire rescue air cushion

Fire-fighting rescue air cushion is an inflatable cushion that can be used to rescue people jumping from high places. It can be divided into two types: general-purpose fire rescue air cushion and air column fire-rescue rescue air cushion.

The universal fire rescue air cushion adopts an electric motor or an engine-driven fan to inflate the entire air cushion. The air cushion is divided into two or three layers. After the air cushion is filled to a certain pressure, the pressure jumps up to take over the people. See Figure 4-2. -3 . The air column type fire rescue air cushion adopts a gas bottle or an air pump to inflate the air columns around the air cushion. After the air column is inflated to a certain pressure, the entire air cushion is supported to undertake the jumping personnel.

1 . Structure and main parts

Take the general-purpose fire-fighting rescue air cushion (hereinafter referred to as the life-saving air cushion) as an example, which is mainly composed of a buffer air bag, a safety air door, an air-inflating cushion, and an air-charged air blower.

2 , the main technical skills

1   Fire-retardant properties: The oxygen index of the life-saving cushion material is greater than 28 .

2 Inflatable fan requirements: Inflatable fan is currently used mechanical centrifugal smoke machine instead,

3 , use method

1 Select the floor below the vertical evacuation port on the site. The ground should be flat and free of sharp objects. Plane rescue rescue air cushions. A certain amount of open space should be left around the rescue air cushion.

1     There should be no obstacles between the rescue air cushion and the evacuation port.

3 Fasten the air intake of the rescue air cushion to the exhaust air outlet of the fan, and then start the engine to make it run normally. When the height of the air cushion height indicator line is naturally stretched, it will idle, and the air inlet hose of the life-saving air cushion can be bent at this time. In order to avoid the evacuees from touching the lifesaving cushion, the fan will be turned over.

4 In the idle operation, the working air cushion can be maintained

Control by opening and closing the air damper can not inflate the life-saving air cushion into a saturated state, so as not to increase the rebound force excessively, affect normal use, and endanger personal safety.

5 The rescue air cushion may drift after inflated. In use, the four corners should be held by special personnel. When using, the safety air damper should be opened slightly. At the same time, the commanding escapee should aim at the reflective mark on the top of the rescue air cushion to jump downward, and then jump down the touch pad of the personnel. The life-saving air cushion must be quickly left so that the life-saving air cushion can continue to undertake the next jump.

6 After the use is completed, open the safety air door. After the air is completely drained, fold it in the original way.

Fourth, rescue lifting air cushion

Rescue crane air cushions are suitable for lifting of irregular heavy objects. And can be used for occasions where ordinary lifting equipment is difficult to work on, especially for the rescue of those killed by heavy objects. The rescue lifting air cushion is made of high-strength rubber and reinforced materials. The volume expansion caused by the air cushion inflates to support and lift. If necessary, a plurality of lifting air cushions can be used overlappingly to meet the lifting height requirements.

1 . Structure and main parts

Rescue crane air cushion consists of high-pressure gas cylinders, cylinder valves, pressure reducers , control valves, high-pressure hoses, quick connectors, and air cushions.

2 、How to use

1 There must be someone responsible for the management of the lifting air cushion.

2 Rescue lifting air cushion should be placed in a dry, ventilated place away from heat and corrosive pollution.

3 The components of the rescue lifting air cushion should be connected every six months. The lifting air cushion should be inflated in a free state and the inflation pressure should not exceed the rated pressure.

4 Ensure that the gas in the cylinder has sufficient pressure.

5 Close the control valve, remove the quick connector and pack it.

V. Lifesaving thrower

The lifesaving throwing device (also known as the shooting gun) is a kind of rescue equipment that uses compressed air as the driving force to throw lifesaving equipment (such as lifebuoys and traction ropes) to the target .

1 . Structure and main parts

The lifesaving thrower is mainly composed of a rescue rope, a traction rope, a projectile, an emission cylinder, an automatic inflatable lifebuoy, a plastic protection cover, a gas cylinder protection cover, and the like .

2 . The main technical performance

1     Working pressure: 20MPa .

2     2 test pressure: 30MPa .

3     Launch distance: 70m to 90m ( wind speed < 0.5m /s) .

4     4 Rescue rope breaking force : > 4000N .

5     5 pull rope breaking force : > 1500N .

6     6 operating temperature range : -30 °C ~ +60 °C .

3 , use method

( 1 ) Preparation before launch

1 Check whether the rescue rope is knotted or worn. After the inspection, pass the rope into the rope bag gradually.

2 There are 4 small holes on the protective sleeve of the launching gas cylinder, and the two ends of the yellow traction rope on the fast automatic inflatable life buoy are respectively penetrated from two opposite small holes, and the two ends of the yellow traction rope are respectively separated from the gas cylinder. Two other holes in the mouth protection sleeve are inserted into the nozzle of the gas cylinder. The sleeve of the gas bottle is tightened with a wrench. The traction rope and the life ring are connected to the emission gas bottle. This connects the launch cylinder with the lifebuoy and the main rescue rope.

When used as a land thrower, remove the orange-yellow water with a plastic protective sleeve and put on the gas bottle protection sleeve. At the same time, replace the rescue rope with a traction rope.

3 There is a small hook on the hauling rope. Open the small hook ring to connect with the end of the rescue rope. Close the small hook ring (when the launch cylinder is fired, use the rescue rope and life buoy to drive the rescue rope through the traction rope. ).

4 Install the plastic protection cartridge with the lifebuoy on the launch cylinder and prepare to inflate the cylinder.

5Before each launch, check the rescue rope and make sure it is ready for use.

( 2 ) Launch

1 Check that the safety pins on the package are in the correct position. 2 Pull out the launch safety pin.

3 Place it in front of the person at an appropriate angle and estimate the launch distance (should exceed the target being rescued). Hold hands tightly and trigger the launch trigger. A parabola should be used for launch. It is forbidden to directly aim at the rescued object or object so as not to harm the rescued person or damage the launching cylinder.

4 After the cylinder falls into the water for 3s to 5s , the lifebuoy will automatically open. 5 The person in danger catches the life buoy and puts it on his body. The rescuer can pull them to safety.

( 3 ) Re-launch

First, remove the water from the fast inflating device, lifebuoy and launching cylinder, clean it with a clean dry cloth, check it to ensure no leakage and no wear, and then reuse it; install the lifebuoy with a new dissolving plug; Roll up the life buoy and stuff it into a new plastic protection cartridge for water. Tie the rescue rope. Put the plastic protection cartridge on the launch gas cylinder and connect the rescue rope. Put the launch gas cylinder back on the launcher and inflate it. The parts of the thrower are inspected, and the installation and connection are confirmed before launching again.

4 . maintenance

1 The main rescue rope: After use, it should be washed with neutral detergent in time, then washed with clean water, dried, and reloaded the rope bag.

2 Lifebuoy: Clean and dry with water immediately after use. The lifebuoy is checked for leaks by manual inflation and other parts are checked for integrity. Replace with a new dissolver plug (safety pin must be replaced if damaged), roll it into a protective plastic tube, and store it in a dry, well-ventilated place (in order to prevent the plug from becoming wet), and prepare it for reuse. Lifebuoys must not be used for operations other than rescue.

3 Launcher: After use, wipe it clean and inspect each part to confirm it is in good condition. Lubricate the metal parts with a rust-preventive lubricant to prevent rust and keep them in a safe place.

4 Launch cylinder: After use, take the launch cylinder out of the plastic protective cylinder, remove the cylinder mouth protector with a wrench, and then unscrew the cylinder mouth (Note: Do not seal the O -ring on the cylinder mouth) The ring is damaged or lost. Clean the parts with clean water. (Use a blower to blow the hot air at the mouth of the bottle to dry it. If it does not dry, the remaining water will expand the lifebuoy before launch, affecting the launch.) Other parts must also be dry. . After drying, apply a small amount of silicone oil to the mouth of the cylinder (do not use excessive force to prevent damage to the parts), and then put the cylinder mouth cover in place for reuse.

5 The rescue rope, rescue launcher, and automatic inflatable lifebuoy can be used repeatedly.